Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) - Saint Helena (2008)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) z Saint Helena (2008)

	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)	Saint Helena (2008)

Administrative divisions	none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order	1 administrative area and 2 dependencies; Ascension, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Age structure	0-14 years: 25.4% (male 904; female 864) 15-64 years: 64.4% (male 2,288; female 2,193) 65 years and over: 10.2% (male 303; female 402) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 18.7% (male 716/female 691) 15-64 years: 71.1% (male 2,755/female 2,608) 65 years and over: 10.2% (male 358/female 415) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish	coffee, corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, lobster (on Tristan da Cunha); livestock
Airports	2 (2001)	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups	total: 413 sq km land: Saint Helena Island 122 sq km; Ascension Island 90 sq km; Tristan da Cunha island group 201 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.	Saint Helena is a British Overseas Territory consisting of Saint Helena and Ascension Islands, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha. Saint Helena: Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. During the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa, several thousand Boer prisoners were confined on the island between 1900 and 1903. Ascension Island: This barren and uninhabited island was discovered and named by the Portuguese in 1503. The British garrisoned the island in 1815 to prevent a rescue of Napoleon from Saint Helena and it served as a provisioning station for the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron on anti-slavery patrol. The island remained under Admiralty control until 1922, when it became a dependency of Saint Helena. During World War II, the UK permitted the US to construct an airfield on Ascension in support of trans-Atlantic flights to Africa and anti-submarine operations in the South Atlantic. In the 1960s the island became an important space tracking station for the US. In 1982, Ascension was an essential staging area for British forces during the Falklands War, and it remains a critical refueling point in the air-bridge from the UK to the South Atlantic. Tristan da Cunha: The island group consists of the islands of Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale, Inaccessible, and Gough. Tristan da Cunha is named after its Portuguese discoverer (1506); it was garrisoned by the British in 1816 to prevent any attempt to rescue Napoleon from Saint Helena. Gough and Inaccessible Islands have been designated World Heritage Sites. South Africa leases a site for a meteorological station on Gough Island.
Birth rate	14.96 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	11.93 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million	revenues: $13.09 million expenditures: $32.16 million note: revenue data reflect locally raised revenues only; the budget deficit is resolved by grant aid from the United Kingdom (FY06/07 est.)
Capital	Saint-Pierre	name: Jamestown geographic coordinates: 15 56 S, 5 44 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy	Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Coastline	120 km	Saint Helena: 60 km Ascension Island: NA Tristan da Cunha: 40 km
Constitution	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)	1 January 1989
Country name	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Helena
Currency	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)	-
Death rate	6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	6.63 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$NA
Dependency status	self-governing territorial collectivity of France	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territorial collectivity of France)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territorial collectivity of France)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France	$29.56 million obtained in a grant from the United Kingdom (FY06/07)
Economy - overview	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.	The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which will amount to about $27 million in FY06/07 or almost 70% of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, raising livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.
Electricity - consumption	38.13 million kWh (2000)	7.44 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	41 million kWh (2000)	8 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,062 m; Green Mountain on Ascension Island 859 m; Mount Actaeon on Saint Helena Island 818 m
Environment - current issues	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment	NA
Ethnic groups	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)	African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)	Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.4993 (2007), 0.5434 (2006), 0.5493 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003) note: the Saint Helenian pound is on par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002) head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief Andrew GURR (since 11 November 2007) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, three ex-officio officers, and five elected members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
Exports	$12 million f.o.b. (1999)	0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts	fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts
Exports - partners	US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999)	Tanzania 37.7%, US 17.4%, Japan 15.2%, UK 8.4%, Nigeria 4.8%, Spain 4.5% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
GDP	purchasing power parity - $74 million (1996 est.); supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	NA%
Geographic coordinates	46 50 N, 56 20 W	Saint Helena: 15 57 S, 5 42 W Ascension Island: 7 57 S, 14 22 W Tristan da Cunha island group: 37 15 S, 12 30 W
Geography - note	vegetation scanty	Saint Helena harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns; Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha is the highest island mountain in the South Atlantic and a prominent landmark on the sea lanes around southern Africa
Highways	total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$55 million f.o.b. (1999)	64.07 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials	food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Imports - partners	France 44%, Canada 40% (1999)	UK 53.5%, South Africa 14.3%, Spain 10.3%, Tanzania 8.5%, US 4.6% (2006)
Independence	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism	construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing, philatelic sales
Infant mortality rate	8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 17.67 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.19 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.1% (1991-96 average)	3.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation	FZ, WFTU	UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA
Judicial branch	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel	Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force	3,000 (1997) (1997)	2,486 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)	agriculture: 6% industry: 48% services: 46% (1987 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 86.96% (1998 est.)	arable land: 12.9% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (2005)
Languages	French (official)	English
Legal system	French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation	English common law and statutes, supplemented by local statutes
Legislative branch	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1	unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, three ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 31 August 2005 (next to be held in 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 12
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 77.93 years male: 75.66 years female: 80.32 years (2002 est.)	total population: 78.09 years male: 75.19 years female: 81.15 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)	definition: age 20 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 98% (1987 est.)
Location	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)	islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa; Ascension Island lies 700 nm northwest of Saint Helena; Tristan da Cunha lies 2300 nm southwest of Saint Helena
Map references	North America	Africa
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	defense is the responsibility of the UK
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French	noun: Saint Helenian(s) adjective: Saint Helenian note: referred to locally as "Saints"
Natural hazards	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard	active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha, last eruption in 1961
Natural resources	fish, deepwater ports	fish, lobster
Net migration rate	-4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	6,954 (July 2002 est.)	7,543 note: only Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha islands are inhabited (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.35% (2002 est.)	0.53% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Saint Pierre	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	Saint Helena: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 Ascension: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (2005)
Radios	4,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 99%	Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.036 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.056 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.863 male(s)/female total population: 1.031 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	NA years of age
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system	general assessment: can communicate worldwide domestic: automatic digital network international: country code (Saint Helena) - 290, (Ascension Island) - 247; international direct dialing; satellite voice and data communications; satellite earth stations - 5 (Ascension Island - 4, Saint Helena - 1)
Telephones - main lines in use	4,000 (1997)	2,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1994)	-
Television broadcast stations	0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)	0 (3 television channels are received via satellite and distributed by UHF) (2005)
Terrain	mostly barren rock	the islands of this group result from volcanic activity associated with the Atlantic Mid-Ocean Ridge Saint Helena: rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains Ascension: surface covered by lava flows and cinder cones of 44 dormant volcanoes; ground rises to the east Tristan da Cunha: sheer cliffs line the coastline of the nearly circular island; the flanks of the central volcanic peak are deeply dissected; narrow coastal plain lies between The Peak and the coastal cliffs
Total fertility rate	2.1 children born/woman (2002 est.)	1.55 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Transportation - note	-	there is no air connection to Saint Helena or Tristan da Cunha; an international airport for Saint Helena is in development for 2010
Unemployment rate	9.8% (1997) (1997)	14% (1998 est.)
Waterways	none	-

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